Effects of the Oil Spill on the Environment - 2252 Words

In 2009 an oil rig controlled by Thai oil giant, PTTEP, exploded off of the northern coast of Western Australia , billowing thousands of litres of oil into the Timor Sea each day. The leak was active for 74 days, beginning on the 21st of August and continuing till the 3rd of November 2009, effecting an estimated area of 10,000 square meters, proving to be a disaster of both environmental and political proportions. This essay will evaluate the effects of the oil spill on the environment, question the effectiveness of the clean up effort provided by the oil company PTTEP and view the changes made by the Australian government in relation to oil well operations and regulation. In doing so, this essay will also analyse this disaster in relation†¦show more content†¦The WFF and the Australian Marine Sciences Association have both expressed views that oil companies should be responsible for all damage it causes to an environment even if that damage is proven many years after the incident has occurred. - Finally, there is the question of compensation and of responsibility. What happens to those who depend on the environment for their livelihood? How is damage to both the environment and those who depend on it minimised? Those people who rely heavily on the marine life for their livelihood should be able to seek recognition and indeed compensation for damage caused to the environment. While the PTTEP does accept responsibility for the oil spill it refuses to rectify mistakes made in the long term management of the disaster. †¨ The Australian Government For the Australian government, the events of the Montara oil spill would prove to be a disaster that would eventually have significant repercussions of both an environmental and political nature. After the initial events and clean up of the oil spill, the Australian government leapt into action with their priority being heavily focused on a range of proposed changes that were designed to improve the safety and security of bothShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts of Oil Spills on Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems1229 Words   |  5 PagesImpacts of Oil Spills on Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems essay In this paper am going to examine the factors contributing to oil spills, and their effects on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This addition of phytoplankton leads to depletion of oxygen levels in water, making it hard for survival of animal and plant population in the water.   These oil spills do not only affect the marine system but also the chronic urban contamination and the economic loss. The oil spill has total effect on marineRead MoreEffects Of Oil Pollution On The Environment1739 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Oil pollution is one of the most significant form of the damage to the marine environment, and it is a serious global issue. It can bring huge bad effects to the environment, marine lives and even the human being. It happens during the process of oil exploitation, transportation, handling, processing and use, due to leakage and emissions of oil caused by pollution, mainly in the ocean (Zhao, 2010). While the oil floats on the sea surface, it can spread and form oil film rapidly, andRead MoreImpact Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill During The Gulf Of Mexico On The Local Environment1501 Words   |  7 PagesCASE STUDY IMPACT OF THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL IN THE GULF OF MEXICO ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION The Gulf of Mexico covers an area of 600,000 square miles and is located between Mexico, Cuba and the United States (Tunell, 2011). Home to 15,419 recorded marine species; the Gulf of Mexico boasts a dynamic ecosystem, which includes 1511 endemic species. The position of the gulf between temperate and tropical waters provides one of the reasons for its vast biodiversity (Campagna et alRead MoreOil Spill Response And Cleanups Help The Economy1166 Words   |  5 PagesWhile oil spill response and cleanups help the economy by creating jobs, oil companies should take better precautions to make sure oil spills do not happen. Oil spills can be dangerous to not only the environment but also to animals and people as well. Another major effect of oil spills are that they are highly expensive, costing up to billions of dollars, estimated, to clean up. While oil companies try their best to prevent these tragedies from happening, there are multiple things they could doRead MoreNatural Disasters : Oil Spills1589 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Oil spills are a major form of pollution, they are a result of human negligence, natural disasters, or defects in pipelines. Oil spills deposit crude oil, which is composed mainly of hydrocarbons, or distilled products such as gasoline, kerosene, or diesel fuels into different environments. There are four main types of crude oil spills that affect environments differently; Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D. If exposed, to Class A, Class B , or Class C, humans may experience toxicRead MoreHuman Health Risks And Socio Economic Problems Associated With Petroleum Exploration And Production Activities Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities include oil spills, gas flaring and venting, discharges of petroleum derived chemicals wastes, contamination of controlled water sources, contamination of soil and sediments, the destruction of the farmland and the marine environment. The major environmental issues arose primarily from the improper disposal of large volumes of petroleum derived hazardous waste streams, such as oil and toxic sludge (Eweje, 2006 and Aniefiok et al 2013), equipment failure, oil spills/operational dischargesRead MoreHuman Induced Environmental Impact On The Environment1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthe environment. Some of these impacts on the environment may be caused by natural factors for example, fires, floods, hurricanes, tornados, etc. Unfortunately, there are many instances in which humans have somehow managed to cause great harm to the environment through incorrectly discarding trash so it ends up in our oceans, overpopulating areas which can lead to land damage, and of course pollution. However, the human-induced environmental impact I really want to focus on here are oil spills. InRead MoreThe Oil Transportation Methods Is The Keystone Pipeline1399 Words   |  6 Pagesleading producers of crude oil in the world. This is a direct result of improved extraction methods from the Alberta tar sands in the late 1980’s. It is said that the tar sands represent the largest reserve of oil in the world, covering over 140,000 square kilometers. The tar sands are vast areas of soil containing bitumen that is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product. Once extracted from the ground, the bitumen can be refined in order to produce crude oil. To further refine the oil and produce commercialRead MoreThe Environmental Problem Of Oil Spill1393 Words   |  6 Pages Oil Spill A B S T R A C T Oil spill pollution, a severe environmental problem which arouses in a marine environment or in the water bodies, has grown into an alarming scale with the increase in oil production and transportation. Causes are either accidental or due to operational failure. Henceforth, it is almost impossible for marine life not to be a victim of this vulnerable zone. Our planet has the largest oil reserves, occasionally it cracks and rarely causes a major accident. However, humanRead More Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on the Environment1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Deepwater Horizon spill occurred on 20 April 2010 and was caused by an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig that killed 11 workers and injured 17 more. The drilling rig, located 66 kilometers southeast of the Louisiana coast, left an oil gusher that was finally capped on July 15, almost 2 months later. This was the largest accidental marine oil spill in history and the largest offshore environmental disaster i n the United States (Telegraph, New York Times, BBC News). It is estimated

Marx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social - 1385 Words

Christina Hubbard February 6, 2016 SOC 310.01 Assignment #1 In this essay I am going to address three core sociology theorists; Marx, Weber and Durkheim, they all had different opinions about how society functioned through the different types of relationships. Each theorists had a different perspective about â€Å"the social† and how that perspective presented it through society. Marx’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on production relations and how the classes interacted with one another through that type of relationship (Marx 1844). Weber’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on meaningful relationships and he brought the aspect of religion and rank into his view (Weber 1925). Lastly Durkheim’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on the moral relationships and how the individual acts according to society’s setup and social cohesion (Durkheim 1895). Conceiving the Social Marx thought the social was based on production relations and how the elites/capitalists communicated with the working class individuals (Marx 1844). Marx’s came from a historical materialist perspective and looked into how individuals in different classes acted in a society ran by obtaining material goods to boost their status in society (Marx and Engels 1846). Society put a lot of emphasis on the value of money and material goods; these days cell phones are every individual’s life, you can’t live without it (Marx 1844). We put big value on material goods that are probably not that important for us to haveShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoubtedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, commun ication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their theories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreAnalysis of Marx, Weber, and Durkheims Views Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe sociological views of  the three founding fathers; Karl Marx,  Max Weber, and  Emile Durkheim  all assert that various aspects of our lifestyle are fully a product of the society in which we live. Each theorist views the impact of society and its manifestation of our identity in a different way. All three of these men used the Industrial Revolution  and capitalism to shape their theories of social identity, especially the identity created by capitalisms division of labor; the owners of the meansRead MoreKarl Marx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim1447 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a part of culture and society. Karl Marx , Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim are the top three most important figures in sociology; and although each of them viewed religion differently, I strongly believe that they understood its power, and demonstrated its importance to people and societies. As such, I will utilize all three of these great minds, to demonstrate religion as an important and permanent part of culture and society. Let s begin with Karl Marx, and his conflict theory. According toRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe study of sociology has always focused on examining the many factors that compose society and the myriad of ways in which it functions. Karl Marx along with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber were the pioneers that are credited as being the founders of classical sociology. They were the first ones to thoroughly examine the complexities of society and create theories for them. The theoretical frameworks and research methodologies created by these sociologists were products of the enlightenment and areRead MoreMarx And Weber : Origins And Development Of Capitalism952 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 3 Both Marx and Weber are concerned with the origins and development of capitalism. For Weber, religion, and specifically Protestantism, is a major factor in the development of modern capitalism. For Marx, capitalism is material based it is the result of who owns the means of production. Max Weber believed Protestants compared to Catholics were more likely to hold business occupations based on the observation; that the capitalist structure rose alongside with Protestant reformation. ThisRead MoreMarx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim948 Words   |  4 PagesIn assessment of sociological theory it is imperative to our understanding of social theory that we analyze the ideologies of some prominent theorists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. Karl Marx’s philosophical ideals on society and class division are impactful in shaping our understanding of society. Inequality and social division is at the heart of Marx’s theory of society. Marx’s theorized that society is the history of class struggles. To him the fundamentally factor determiningRead MorePower And Institutional Control / Domination Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe paper that I’m writing will reflect on power and institutional control/ domination. This paper will discuss how supplemental readings #4 Emile Durkheim- The Rules of Sociological Method, #14 Karl Marx- The Communist Manifesto, #16 Max Weber- Economy and Society #20 M. Foucault- Docile Bodies from Discipline and Punish all contribute to a true meaning understanding of power and institutions control/ domination. The key components that deals with power, and institutions control/ domination areRead MoreMarx, Durkheim And Weber s Theories Of Society And Social Change1751 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION Marx, Durkheim and Weber are popular sociologists who are very well known in scholarly circles for their theories, opinions and contributions on social issues in the society that have been used by many teachers, students and research professionals in the field of sociology. However this essay, will discuss the concepts of society and social change in theories of Marx, Durkheim and Weber and as such will consider how these theories of society and social change relate to contemporaryRead MoreThe Violence Of The Media Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthey did. By using Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx the goal of this paper is to use these three theorist and their theories to get an understanding behind what these two teenagers might have been thinking at the time of committing the crime. These theoriest will better yet give an understanding of the factors that could have influenced their ultimate decision to commit the crime. To commence this analysis, we will take a look into Emile Durkheim’s work. Durkheim who was a Republican andRead MoreDivision Of Labor : A Broad Sense880 Words   |  4 PagesDivision of labor in a broad sense — system of different types of work, and also system of public relations between them. According to Marx social division of labor dismembers human activity on such partial functions and operations, each of which in itself doesn t possess nature of activity any more and doesn t act as a way of reproduction by the person of his social relations, his culture, his spiritual wealth and herself as persons. Such is division material and spiritual (intellectual and physical)

The Black Parade by My Chemical Romance free essay sample

The album The Black Parade by My Chemical Romance has been considered one of the best rock albums of 2006. The album was written as a concept record, which means the album tells a story with each song. The story behind the record is of a sick cancer patient who is on the edge of his death bed. When the patient dies, he is sent back into a world of his favorite memory as a child of seeing a marching band with his father, which is known as â€Å"The Black Parade†. The singer Gerard Way says he likes to believe that when you die, you re-live your favorite memory of when you were alive. This whole concept of Way’s makes the album have an edgy feel to it with a sense of hope of seeing a light at the end of the tunnel. The first song off the record is titled â€Å"The End†, describes the last final minutes of the patient’s life and thoughts before he is taken away by death. We will write a custom essay sample on The Black Parade by My Chemical Romance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This song sets the record off into the story with it’s catchy and melodic chorus. The song then fades into the band’s first single off of the record, â€Å"Welcome to the Black Parade†. Way opens the song with his most famous lyrics off the record, â€Å"When I was a young boy, my father took me into the city, to see a marching band.† The opening to this song sets the tone to the rest of the record as he sings in harmony with piano notes that sends chills up your spine. Once the chorus hits, Way belts out with a powerful voice the lines â€Å"Your memory will carry on†. The album has more of a deeper meaning behind it than just a story. Before front man Gerard Way joined the band, he witnessed the traumatic events of 9/11 while he was in New York City. The reason he writes around the topic of death is not to be â€Å"gothic† or â€Å"satanic† as some people label bands similar to My Chemical Romance, but to give listeners a sense of hope. Way says that when he saw people jumping out of the towers that day on 9/11, it broke his heart knowing that they had no chance but to hand over the precious gift of life without knowing if there is anything more to life after death. With this album, The Black Parade, he wanted to give that sense of hope out to listeners because on that day of 9/11, he saw everything but hope. This album gives the listener great music that everyone can enjoy with a story they can follow along with. Every song is packed with melodies over catchy beats. The Black Parade is truly a work of modern art.

The Good Earth Essays (498 words) - The Good Earth, O-Lan, Wang Lung

The Good Earth The Good Earth Pearl S. Buck / Historical Fiction The Good Earth is a saga about the life and death of Wang Lung. The story starts out on his wedding day as he gets ready to be marries. He is having a traditional farmer wedding in which his father has chosen his wife which he is to have many children with. In the later years in the midst of a famon they are forced to move south which was not much better than the north. A revolution broke out and during it O-lan and Wang Lung Both rummaged through the great housewhere O-lan stumbles upon a pouch of jewels. After being let go by the soldiers they are able to back to the land where there is now rain. O-lan being the loyal wife she gives Wang Lung the pouch of jewels except two pearls that she keeps for herself. Later Wang Lung in his greed takes the pearls from her to give to his conquebine. When the locusts come he reunites himself with the land in a struggle to save it. O-lan dies quickly after his sons wedding and Wang Lung is next to come. Wang Lung on his death bed in a house that is not even his requests that his sons never sell the land. His sons agree to it with their fingers crossed behind their backs in high hopes to become rick quick. No matter who you are and how much you think you can controll it, money will corrupt most people in this so called world. The main character in this book is Wang Lung. In the beginning he is a common farmer who works in the fields all day next to his ox. He has a braid and has no reason to clean him self, his father who he supports is old and cannot help himself. When the money comes rolling in he hires people to do the work in the fields for him, he now wears silken robes and is clean every day. During this time he cuts off his braid and brings a conquebine to the great house of Whang, which he bought. Most of the workers on his fields think he is a fool, because he cannot see the things that are going on behind his back. In the book some spots were difficult to read because of the vocabulary, which made me go back and reread those trouble parts. The length of the sentences didn't effect me but when a word that I didn't know it made it harder to back track. I would not read annother book by Pearl S. Buck because I think it draged on too long and it didn't hold my intrest long enough to be really interesting. I experienced that her books are boring and drag on for hundreds of pages. It had no meaning, except for the torture I went through while I was reading it. Book Reports

The Effects of Media Violence

The Effects of Media Violence Free Online Research Papers Since the 1950’s when television became a national pastime, media violence and aggressive behavior among children and young adults have increased dramatically. Is there a significant association between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior? Studies have shown that watching television is one factor on youth violence and aggressive behavior, while continued research has proven other risk factors are at fault such as violent video games, bad parenting, and the communities these children grow up in. On the positive side, research has found that the effects of exposure to media violence can be reduced with monitoring of parents and professional attention. The illustration below shows that too much exposure to television can lead to aggressive behavior among children and young adults. (Ledingham, Richardson, 1993) While children watch an average of 28 hours of television a week, studies show that same aggressive behavior after playing video games, watching movies and cartoons; even now the internet will encourage these same behaviors. At least two-thirds of U.S. kids have a TV in their bedrooms; half have a VCR or DVD player, half have a video game console, and almost one-third have Internet access or a computer (Jungbauer, 2009). This, naturally, makes monitoring media use difficult. â€Å"Children learn by observation and are especially vulnerable to fictionalized violent acts such as verbal and physical aggression; children learn fear, mistrust, and decreased sensitivity to violence in real life† (Smoots, 2003). Parents have the opportunity to control verbal and physical behavior among children and young adults. Parents can easily walk away and take a timeout from certain situations before â€Å"blowing up†. Parents can monitor children’s media diet by watching what vi deo games are being played and television shows are being viewed. Thus, on the parent’s belief, parents can decide on what children watch and play. Parents can take into consideration by doing the following: set limits by reducing media time to 1-2 hours a day, discuss the program-by asking questions about the show, use screening options such as V-chip, and plan a viewing time to watch television and to play video games together. As the illustration below shows an example of children not being monitored of what they watch. Researchers believe without the monitoring of television viewing and playing video games among children and young adults lead to the aggressive behavior. (Ledingham, Richardson, 1993) Over the years research has shown a strong relationship between viewing violence in television and playing video games have made children and young adults to become more aggressive in behavior. Research has shown that playing violent video games is becoming a high risk factor among children and young adults in today’s society. But as of today there have not been extensive studies that prove violent video games make children and young adults aggressive. â€Å"The number of studies investigating the impact of such games on youth aggression is small, there have been none on serious violence, and none has been longitudinal† (Youth Violence, 2008). One of the main focuses on media violence has become the research on video games and violence, what it contains and the affects it has on children and young adults today. For example, some researchers claim it was a video game (Doom) that sparked the shootings at Columbine High School back on April 20, 1999. There were other facto rs included such as problematic parents, racism, and watching violent movies-Natural Born Killers for one example. For researchers to blame that shooting at Columbine High School on one video game (Doom) is all wrong, researchers need to gather more facts and information instead of jumping to conclusions. â€Å"Other risk factors like society, parents, and communities can be an influence on children and young adults as well† (Da-Wei, W. 2007). By monitoring the exposure to such as violence in society, parents, communities, television and video games, children and young adults can benefit from media culture. In the chart below it shows that youth violence was higher in the early 90’s when video games were not so popular. As video games became popular in the late 90’s throughout the 00’s youth violence had declined and has leveled out. Researchers need to start looking at these other factors and what is causing children and young adults this aggressive behavior instead of just video games. (Ferguson, C. J. 2009) Is there a strong relationship between video games and aggressive behavior among children and young adults? There may be certain individual with aggressive behavior and might be affected by the exposure of violent video games, but this is still not determined. More negative results come from violence in the media and watching television than video games. Research suggests that not all youths are affected in the same way by viewing media violence and playing violent video games. Factors that appear to influence the effects of media violence on aggressive or violent behavior include characteristics of the viewer such as age, intelligence, aggressiveness, and whether the child perceives the media as realistic and identifies with aggressive characters (Youth Violence, 2008). In general, children and young adults who already have high aggressive attitude would be more affected than those who are not as aggressive. Children and young adults do not understand the consequences of violent media; they believe violence is the way to handle situations out in the real world. For example â€Å"studies have shown that children who watched a relatively aggressive cartoon of Woody Woodpecker, researchers have discovered that the children who watched this aggressive cartoon became more violent and aggressive towards classmates† (Coleman, 2010). Researchers said despite all the studies on aggressive behavior, the more children and young adults are exposed to media violence the more aggressive they become in adulthood. Other studies have shown that the examining of media violence in a television show that the aggressor is being punished or the aggressor is being rewarded (Coleman, 2010). The viewing of violent movies can be misleading by children and young adults; media violence does have an overwhelming effect on children and young adults. Although media violence definitely has a negative affect on children and young adults, some researchers claim that there is a positive effect as well. Media violence does not have to impact children and young adults like researchers claim it does. This is known as the Catharsis Theory, which cites violent media as potential outlet for aggressive behavior and decreased real world violence as a result (Da-Wei, 2007). In other words, if this theory is correct, then watching violent television and playing violent video games can help relieve aggressive behavior and stop aggressive behavior in the real world and among children and young adults. In the illustration below it show an adolescent playing a video game, adult supervision can prevent children and young adults from becoming aggressive. For example, preliminary data point to the potentially vital role a parent in supervising children and young adult’s exposures to violent media and violent video games in helping them interp ret it (Youth Violence, 2008),(Awareness Network, 2010). So let’s look at some other risk factors instead of blaming media violence and violent video games among children and young adults. The children’s upbringing or home environment can play an important role on whether they become aggressive or not. Parents, teachers, and even a professional psychiatrist can help monitor what children and young adults watch and play at home or in the classroom. Children whose parents and teachers discuss the situation about media violence and violent video games tend to be less aggressive than those of parents that do not discuss the situation about the violence behind violent television and video games. Other suggestions are sitting down and watching violent television shows and playing video games with the children and young adults. By doing so, parents can get a better understanding of what to ask and discuss with children before aggressive behavior becomes a problem. With parents and teachers having the knowledge and understanding wha t children and young adults are viewing will help in explaining what is wrong and what is right. Communities is another risk factor, if children and young adults are seeing violence out in the streets â€Å"the real world† they may tend to think that violence is the way to handle situation and become aggressive. This can be avoided by having children and young adults becoming more active in church organization do community service and have parents put a curfew on the children. This will help not letting the children stay out so late to view violence in the street after hours. Children and young adults who have good relations with an adult or other peer who support conventional behavior and disapprove of delinquent behavior can provide invaluable guidance for young people. â€Å"Researchers agree that having a loving adult who is interested in and supportive of a child or young person’s ideas and activities helps that child or adolescent develop the confidence and competence needed to progress from one stage of development to the next† (Youth Violence, 2008). In the illustration below it shows how parents can become a better a better parent by paying attention to children and young adults. Equally important; start early as possible when influencing children and young adult about the exposures of violent television and violent video games. â€Å"It is easier to enforce rules with younger children than with older ones, and younger children are the ones who appear to be more sensitive to the negative effects of video violence† (Ledingham, Richardson, 1993). Over the past 50 years researchers on violent television and violent video games revealed evidence that media violence increase the aggressive and violent behavior in both children and young adults. Between the positive and negative there is a solution to correct the aggressive and violent behavior. Parents can monitor the use of television and video games. Spend more time with the children and young adults, understand what they are watching or playing, make time to be with the children and young adults. With just a few adjustments in parents busy schedule can improve the outcome of children and young adults. Communities, religious organizations, teachers, and society can teach parents and children to be more aware of media violence and the effects it has on today’s children and young adults. There is no less violence in today’s media. In my opinion, media violence and parents need to take a closer look at what is becoming of today’s children and young adults, b efore it gets out of control. With technology, professionalism, and children being monitored, it can be controlled. Research Papers on The Effects of Media ViolenceEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentThe Spring and AutumnAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Color of Republican Party - Why Its Red

Color of Republican Party - Why It's Red The color associated with the Republican Party is red, though not because the party chose it. The association between red and Republican began with the advent of color television and network news on Election Day several decades ago and has stuck with the GOP ever since. Youve heard the terms red state, for example.  A red state is one that consistently votes Republican in elections for governor and president. Conversely, a blue state is one that reliably sides with Democrats in those races. Swing states are a whole different story and can be described as either pink or purple depending on their political leanings. So why is the color red associated with Republicans?   Heres the story. First Use of Red for Republican The first use of the terms red state  to connote a Republican state came about a week before the 2000 presidential election between Republican George W. Bush and Democrat Al Gore, according to The Washington Posts Paul Farhi. The Post scoured  newspaper and magazine archives and television news broadcast transcripts dating back to 1980 for the phrase and found that the first instances could be  traced NBCs Today show and  subsequent  discussions between  Matt Lauer  and  Tim Russert  during the election season on MSNBC. Wrote Farhi: As the 2000 election became a 36-day recount debacle, the commentariat magically reached consensus on the proper colors. Newspapers began discussing the race in the larger, abstract context of red vs. blue. The deal may have been sealed when Letterman suggested a week after the vote that a compromise would make George W. Bush president of the red states and Al Gore head of the blue ones. No Consensus on Colors Before 2000 Before the 2000 president election, television networks didnt stick to any particular theme when illustrating which candidates and which parties won which states. In fact, many rotated the colors: One year Republicans would be red and the next year Republicans would be blue. Neither party really wanted to claim red as its color because of its association with communism. According to Smithsonian  magazine: Before the epic election of 2000, there was no uniformity in the maps that television stations, newspapers or magazines used to illustrate presidential elections. Pretty much everyone embraced red and blue, but which color represented which party varied, sometimes by organization, sometimes by election cycle. Newspapers including The New York Times and USA Today jumped on the Republican-red and Democrat-blue theme that year, too, and stuck with it. Both published color-coded maps of results by county. Counties that sided with Bush appeared red in the newspapers. Counties that voted for Gore were shaded in blue. The explanation Archie Tse, a senior graphics editor for the Times, gave to Smithsonian  for his choice of colors for each party was fairly straightforward: â€Å"I just decided  red  begins with ‘r,’  Republican  begins with ‘r.’ It was a more natural association.  There wasn’t much discussion about it.† Why Republicans are Forever Red The color red has stuck and is now permanently associated with Republicans. Since the 2000 election, for example, the website  RedState has become a popular source of news and information for right-leaning readers. RedState describes itself as the leading conservative, political news blog for right of center activists. The color blue is now permanently associated with Democrats. The website ActBlue, for example, helps connect political donors to Democratic candidates of their choice and has become a substantial force in how campaigns are financed.

ShutterFly's ProGrowth and ProProfit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ShutterFly's ProGrowth and ProProfit - Essay Example Shutterfly has had great commercial successes and fulfilled 12 million orders, sold 370 million prints, stored one billion consumer photos and their net revenues increased from $31.4 million in 2003 to $54.5 million to 2004 and $83.9 million in 2005. Shutterfly was also voted one among the top 500 fastest growing private companies in 2005. The company also got publicly enlisted and offered about 23.5 million shares of common stock. Shutterfly rides on the growth of the photo industry market that allows online consumers to store, share, print and edit photos for the present and future generations. User friendly websites and increased access to the internet have been increasing the number of online photography users and photo prints have been generating revenue of $10 billion in 2005. Greeting cards, scrapbooks, calendars and other general merchandise on digital photography are some of the other revenue generating consumer products that are sold by the company. However several issues such as branding, competition, innovation and expansion, marketing strategies, profits and growth, market shares, consumer preferences have to b considered to analyse the various orientations to growth or profits. It would be interesting to analyse whether profits or growth of a company should be brought about with two different forms of governance, one for increasing profits and other for increasing growth. Certain firms tend to give equal attention to profits and to growth and may allocate equal amount of resources to bring about profits and growth and costs, quality and time spent on PG and PP efforts would be the same (also in Armstrong and Levesque, 2002). It would be necessary to understand whether the PP and PG efforts of a company are opposed or mutually beneficial. In certain cases, the firm would focus only on increasing profits and in certain cases the focus is on growth. With the focus on both profits and growth, there may be conflicting market ori entations and strategies although this would be an interesting combination to analyse the firm's success. Roper (1999) delineated how strategy choices affect market position and business performance of firms and suggested that a firm's turnover growth and return on assets are weakly related for short-term profits. Roper also states that firm performance also depends strongly on strategy choice, with turnover growth being particularly strategy dependent. Thus turnover growth and general profitability of a company as well as long term growth of a company would be all related to strategy choice. Even in case of Shutterfly's business analysis, the primary importance could be given to the strategy and market choices used by the company. Considering the uses of PG and PP, it would be interesting to note that when both PP and PG are allocated, executed and achieved simultaneously, they would together increase the total value of the firm. When these models are used exclusively, then downturn in the firm's performance can lead to the use of an alternate model so the focus would be on either of the two, the PP model or the PG model and either the profits or the growth of the company would be important. In fact Han (2005) noted that the management of two paradoxical forces such as pro-growth strategy and pro-profit strategy could provide for strategic ambidexterity

Business environment and strategic management Essay

Business environment and strategic management - Essay Example The period between 1990 and 2008 saw a series of activities which were steeped in several factors which include amongst other things; strategic drift, failure to adapt to dominant changes in the external environment, excessive focus on profit maximisation and the desire to hold on to corporate traditions rather than innovate to meet the changes. This paper examines the case of Kodak in relation to strategic management, change management, innovation and strategic responsiveness. It will use six theories to examine the case of Kodak and how it led to the eventual downward spiral of the company. The paper will assess the shortfalls of Kodak in relation to Scenario Analysis, Cultural Web, Strategic Drift, Pascale's Excess Theory, Schumpeter's conception of Innovation and Marconi's model. Scenario Analysis â€Å"Scenario analysis involves a system of envisioning the movements in the markets by examining a series of possibilities in order to draw alternative plans to meet them.† (Mc Keown, 2006 p68). ... In hat case, another business in the industry that got the variables right in its planning is likely to succeed in the industry ahead of the industry that failed to draw several plans and alter its operations. Cooper cites the example of IBM (2005). In 1980, IBM was on top of the technology game. IBM was a leader in the manufacture and development of computer software and hardware. IBM envisioned in 1980 that by 1990, there would be a total of 275,000 computer users. And since IBM was the market leader, they believed that their estimation was absolute and precise. As such, the top level management which had a centralised system of management and control ensured that there were no deviations from the primary plan. As such, IBM outsourced significant components of the manufacture of personal computers to Intel and Microsoft. IBM did this on the basis that there would be only 275,000 computer users in the coming decade. Due to that, they focused on other ventures and other manufacturing contracts in the technological industry that they thought was going to be more profitable. However, the number of computer users increased exponentially. By 1990, there were as many as 60 million personal computer users around the world. This was enormously different from the figure they estimated in 1980. One may ask why IBM did not review their plans about the computer industry because the change was highly significant and if the management had their ears to the ground, they would have realized that things were changing and they would have made changes. Cooper identifies some key pointers that led to the downfall of IBM and they are all steeped in the failure to undertake

Universal Health Care Is Socialism Essay Example for Free

Universal Health Care Is Socialism Essay Europe is considered one of the most ideal places to live. Its fascinating history and being home to some of the worlds most beautiful sights, who wouldn’t want to live there. While those are great incentives, some educated might argue that there are better amenities if one decides to reside there. Aside from what I just listed, Europe is home to some of the best working conditions. A 30-hour workweek, lengthy vacation packages, its wide-ranging early retirement benefits and its government sponsored health care coverage (Goldman). While some call this desirable, everyone calls it socialism. Socialism is an act of government stepping into the free market in an attempt to equally distribute goods to the public. Therefore the liberal agenda to enforce a universal healthcare system in America is an act of socialism. America was built and is where it is today due to our free market, or for a better term, capitalism. Capitalism is having the power in the people, letting the people decide how and what they want to spend their money on with no interference from the government. Letting the people strive and attempt to achieve the highest paycheck is the best way to motivate workers, therefore increasing the economic output as well as GDP. When a government takes more money away from the rich in hope to provide more for the lower classes with generous benefits for little work, it can erase the incentive for hard work. Therefore decreasing workflow as well as total economic prosperity. Merriam Webster defines socialism as any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods. Socialism dates back to the 1700’s during the French Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was seen as machinery replacing human labor. With poor housing, poor working conditions, slave labor, and the richer, all led to the envy for a society that was more equal, and with these conditions continuing to grow, the socialist ideas caught on rapidly (truth-it). The socialist movement is instilled in Europe and, here in America, the Democratic party has pushing and pressuring the federal government into developing political and economic system, similar to Europe’s. This movement led by President Obama and his left leaning supporters has been bringing America’s capitalistic system closer to the socialist left, that of Europe. Universal health care being a front-runner of his massive government spending plans has only been a glimpse of the socialist agenda and the true desires the President has for this country. The people of America needed to decide if they wanted to move in this direction or stick with our roots and continue on our free market economy. I believe that after this recent election and the Republicans winning a majority in the House of Representatives shows the direction most Americans want to focus our effort and energy as a country. That being in a more, free market, free of universal health care. This increase in government spending can only be financed by increasing taxes or government borrowing. While we should be open to all ideas, we should take a look at how socialism has affected Europe. The people of Europe are just now facing the reality of their lavish lifestyle for the past few years, many people were not making as much as they were spending. Leading a breakdown in their economy and now facing the hurt of a deep recession. Universal health care falls into the realm of Socialism due to the fact that government would be responsible for funding this massive new program. Government would be controlling the distribution of the health care as well as funding. That definition could also describe the regulations already set in Europe, where is widely accepted as a socialist policy. Universal health care would be an attempt to properly cover all Americans with adequate health care for a very low, if not a free, price. Stating that all Americans deserve health insurance and anything else is unacceptable. For this to become true government would have to own and regulate the vast majority of health care therefore taking responsibility for the use and distribution health care. While many people are reluctant to dub universal health care as socialism, the truth of the matter it is. They need to realize if we go ahead with this act we will be drifting away from our roots of a capitalistic society. Socialism has taken over Europe and is to blame for their current state.

The Root Causes of Deforestation :: Environment Evironmental Essays

The Root Causes of Deforestation In the second chapter of his book, Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon, Thomas K. Rudel hypothesizes that the cause of rainforest destruction goes beyond the traditional immiserization model. The immiserization model holds that there are two groups of people separately causing deforestation: powerful businesses such as the plantation owners and extractive enterprises; and landless peasants. Instead, he contends that these groups of people, along with the local and international governments, banks and markets all cause deforestation by their mutual interactions. His idea is supported by the pattern of deforestation. Instead of rising steadily as the population grows, it goes in spurts. Peasants seize the opportunity to develop new land when it is opened up by penetration roads built by the government or large extractive corporations. Owning land along a road is the best way to ensure that they profit from their labor. That way peasants have direct links to transportation for their products and don't have to deal with middlemen who take a large share of the profits. He cites resources indicating that deforestation rates increased when international banks loaned money to countries for frontier development projects. Similar results were achieved by development of extractive industries. Rudel refers to both the government and these industries as lead institutions because of their role in opening transportation routes that are used by peasant farmers who settle along them, clearing the land. Many nations also sponsor colonization programs, wealthy patrons hire peasant laborers, or groups of peasants band together to mutually profit from the land that they help clear together. These examples of growth coalitions are similarly responsible, in conjunction with the agencies that clear the transportation routes, for the destruction of the tropical forests. This leads him to the conclusion that the most important link in thi s system of destroying tropical forests is the creation of new transportation routes penetrating the forested land. At the end of the chapter, Rudel addresses the issue of indigenous communities' involvement in the deforestation. He states that "the argument [for the growth coalition -- lead institution hypothesis] assumes that rural inhabitants have a strong market orientation despite the presence of indigenous peoples throughout the tropics who have only partial commitments to participation in market economies. If the case studies demonstrate a close association between growth coalitions and deforestation among indigenous peoples as well as peasants, the explanatory potential of the argument increases" (Rudel 40).

Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

In the stories, â€Å"The Lie,† by Kurt Vonnegut and â€Å"Barn Burning,† by William Faulkner, the main characters mature from childhood into adulthood. This maturity either develops from support of one’s family and upbringing or it grows internally from one’s conscience. We see from both stories that the main characters use this maturity to courageously speak up. In the story, â€Å"The Lie,† Eli matures into adulthood. Due to his parents’ lack of understanding of his individuality in the beginning of the story, Eli has to deny his own feelings. When Eli receives the letter that he was rejected from the esteemed high school, Whitehill, he secretly tears it up since he is nervous of his parents’ disappointment. Eli’s mother, Sylvia, helps him transition into maturity as she begins to recognize her son’s individuality. At the beginning of the story, Sylvia thinks of her son as just another Ramenzal that will be attending W hitehill and even gives him â€Å"number thirty one† (Vonnegut, 2) in the honored list of the Ramenzals who have attended the institution. Sylvia fails to realize that Eli has unique qualities that are different from the rest of the Remenzels until the end of the story. When the Remenzels discover from the headmaster that Eli has not been accepted to the school and realize that Eli has ran away because of the tough situation he got himself into, Sylvia finally recognizes that Whitehill is not the best place for him. This allows Eli to open up and express his feelings comfortably. We see this when Eli expresses his feelings of anger at his father for trying to get him into Whitehill, for he realizes he will not succeed there. He says, â€Å"You shouldn’t have done that† (Vonnegut, 12). At the point that he is recognized as an individual, he is ultimately able to mature through his new ability to express himself without being intimidated. Sarty from the story â€Å"Barn Burning,† also develops and matures into adulthood. Throughout the story he has an internal conflict between loyalty to his family an d doing what is right. Sarty’s father, Abner, makes this struggle very difficult by pressuring his son to be loyal to a family that is living a life of vengeance, anger and retribution. He  accuses his son of almost telling the justice that his father did in fact burn down the barn. He hits his son and then tells him, â€Å"You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you† (Faulkner, 3). He is faced with a conflict which he describes as â€Å"being pulled two ways like between two teams of horses† (Faulkner, 7). Finally at the end of the story he builds up the courage to run away from his family and tell the landlords that his father is planning on burning their barn. He realizes that he made the right decision of following his conscience and doesn’t regret being disloyal to his blood, as the story ends, â€Å"He did not look back† (Faulkner, 11). We see in these two stories the main characters’ initiation into adulthood. They both are able to openly express what they really thought was the right thing. Eli matures and is able to express his feelings when he is recognized as an individual and not as another Remenzel. Sarty also develops into an adult as he follows his conscience, and speaks out against his family. Sometimes a person, like Eli, needs support in order to mature, yet sometimes a person, like Sarty, matures, regardless of support, by following his conscience. Works Cited Faulkner, William. Barn Burning. Logan, IA: Perfection Form, 1979. Print. Kurt Vonnegut. The Lie. Woodstock, IL: Dramatic Pub., 1992. Print

Ancient Chinese Inventions and Contributions

Ancient Chinese Inventions and Contributions Humanities 111 Professor Abstract The following paper will show the contributions from ancient Chinese culture is amazing. There are many inventions and contributions that trace back to ancient Chinese culture. The top ten inventions and contributions continue to keep giving in today’s society. Ancient Chinese has contributed to helping jobs to exist, fight wars, and contribute to the overall public lives with their inventions and contributions.We as people living life and going about our business never really take the time to think about where and who has invented the joys we experience on a daily basis. One example is our very own boy scouts, go on a big jamboree every year. They normally go camping and hiking. A compass is used during this time frame. If you were to ask the average boy scout, who invented the compass? Many could not tell who or when was the compass invented. Ancient Chinese four most useful contributions or inven tions created were gun powder, the compass, paper making, and printing.These four inventions are very unique in their own way. I will explain why these four are the most useful inventions created by ancient Chinese. One of the few destructive inventions of ancient Chinese civilization was that of gunpowder. The discovery of gunpowder led to the invention of firearms and revolutionized battlefields in the Asian Continent. Chinese alchemists, whom were searching for an elixir of life, accidentally discovered the explosive property of gunpowder sometime around 9th century AD. By the end of the 10th century, Asian powers had introduced grenades, crude bombs and firearms onto battlefields.Use of cannons and bigger fire arms also became prevalent. (Yinke Deng, 2005) The compass was one of the most important technological developments in ancient China due to the fact that it promoted and aided exploration that was initiated by Chinese rulers. The development of the compass made China the f irst imperial power in the world. The Chinese empire was indeed termed as an imperial power until the end of monarchy in China and the royal place was also known as the Imperial Palace. The exact era or dynasty during which the Chinese invented the technology of paper manufacturing is uncertain.It is certain that the technology led to many more advancements as it facilitated scholars, philosophers and writers of Chinese civilization. Paper that was invented in ancient China was not only used as a medium of writing, but creative Chinese innovators also used it as a raw material for manufacturing bags as well as paper currency. Paper making can be traced down to the Han dynasty, which ruled from 202 BC to 220 AD, when court official Cai Lun set out to the task of making paper. He deployed mulberry, bast fibers, and waste material such as old rags and hemp waste. Yinke Deng, 2005) Lun also made use of fishing nets to bind the materials together. Some archaeological findings however, su ggest that paper in ancient China may have been invented during the 8th century BC. The invention of printing is regarded as one of the most important inventions, due to the fact that it made books cheaper. Cheaper books ensured an educated society. Many dynasties of courtiers and scholars from ancient China contributed to the development of the printing press. Printing technology started evolving sometime around 868 BC, with the printing of the first printed book titled The Diamond Sutra.The book was printed with the help of the wood block printing. It had become a very advanced technology by the end of the Song dynasty. Writer Shen Kuo, who was also a courtier of Songs, promoted the use of printing for the spread of knowledge. Bi Sheng, who was an artisan, invented the movable ceramic printing. Inventors like Hua Sui also attempted to invent the metal castings and rollers for movable printing. There are eight to ten useful inventions and contributions from the ancient Chinese that are still in use today.The ten ancient Chinese useful inventions or contributions are paper currency, row crops, deep drilling for gas, fireworks, gun powder, the flame thrower, the parachute, the wheel barrow, rudder, and the compass. Chinese inventions have contributed to mankind in many ways. Many of their discoveries start out in one form and can branch out to three or more end products. The four inventions or contributions from the ancient Chinese that have had the most impact on many countries and even changed the course of history to a certain extent were paper currency, gun powder, the parachute, and deep drilling for gas.I believe them to be the most ingenious and innovative of inventions. Paper currency changed the ways of handling money. The times of having to carry gold coins and precious metals to purchase goods and services were over. Before paper currency lugging gold and precious metals around was risky and hard to conceal. Paper currency is lightweight, discrete, a nd still exists in society today. As well as currency, the ways that gun powder has changed society are many. Gun powder has contributed to the gun, fireworks, and explosives of many types.The usage is wide ranged and without the use gun powder wars would have been a lot harder to win and a lot more primitive in style. It is hard to imagine the civil war without the use of musket guns and cannons. The invention of the parachute have also helped in many ways. Parachutes have saved many pilots’ lives. When an air plane fails in the sky or during a war when a plane is shot down, pilots can parachute to safety. Parachutes have facilitated the United States troops with fighting wars on enemy territories. Deep drilling for gas has helped many countries to better utilize their own resources.Deep drilling for gas has helped the United States in the fight to go green and help the environment. The deep drilling for gas technique has given many Americans jobs in the past and present, an d it is responsible for a considerable amount of America’s income. The ancient Chinese have invented and contributed to the discovery of many things used in society today. The one invention I cannot live without is paper currency. Money is what makes the world go round. I use money every day for many different reasons. On a daily basis, I use money (paper currency) to purchase gas, lunch, and beverages.On a weekly basis I use paper currency to rent DVDs, go to the movies, take my wife out to dinner, and get my haircut. It has changed and facilitate the world drastically. Paper currency is in circulation from many different countries and all vary in value and designs. References Yinke Deng. (October 2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. China. China Intercontinental press Suzanne Morgan Williams. (January 1997). Made in China: Ideas and Inventions from Ancient China. Berkley, California. Pacific Press. (2008). Invention of Paper. Retrieved from http://www. culture-4-travel. com/i nvention-of-paper. html.

Free Essays on School Restructuring

Six classes a day, five days week, every day the same schedule. Telephones and radios were still luxuries when high schools nationwide petrified the school day into this rigid pattern. The refrigerator and television hadn't been invented, much less the copy machine, computer, and video player. We live in a very different world now, and we know more about how students learn. Yet most contemporary high school and middle school students are still locked into the same schedule that their great-grandparents experienced when they were teenagers. The big question here is what is wrong with the traditional six or seven period day? For starters, say critics, the pace is tough. A typical student will be in nine locations working on nine different activities in a six-and-a-half-hour school day. An average teacher must teach five classes, dealing with 125-180 students with several preparations. This frantic, fragmented schedule is unlike any experienced either before or after high school. "It produces a hectic, impersonal, inefficient instructional environment," states Gordon Cawelti (1994), limits the amount of time to go in-depth on a subject, and tends to discourage using a variety of learning activities. Opportunities for individualization of instruction and meaningful interaction between students and teachers are hard to come by. No matter how complex or simple the school subject, the schedule assigns an impartial national average of fifty-one minutes per class period. And despite wide variation in the time it takes indivi dual students to succeed at learning any given task, the allocated time is identical for all. Schools will have a design flaw as long as their organization is based on the assumption that all students can learn on the same schedule. In addition, since most disciplinary problems occur during scheduled transitions, the more transitions, the more problems. In my district, the principal states this as the number one disci... Free Essays on School Restructuring Free Essays on School Restructuring Six classes a day, five days week, every day the same schedule. Telephones and radios were still luxuries when high schools nationwide petrified the school day into this rigid pattern. The refrigerator and television hadn't been invented, much less the copy machine, computer, and video player. We live in a very different world now, and we know more about how students learn. Yet most contemporary high school and middle school students are still locked into the same schedule that their great-grandparents experienced when they were teenagers. The big question here is what is wrong with the traditional six or seven period day? For starters, say critics, the pace is tough. A typical student will be in nine locations working on nine different activities in a six-and-a-half-hour school day. An average teacher must teach five classes, dealing with 125-180 students with several preparations. This frantic, fragmented schedule is unlike any experienced either before or after high school. "It produces a hectic, impersonal, inefficient instructional environment," states Gordon Cawelti (1994), limits the amount of time to go in-depth on a subject, and tends to discourage using a variety of learning activities. Opportunities for individualization of instruction and meaningful interaction between students and teachers are hard to come by. No matter how complex or simple the school subject, the schedule assigns an impartial national average of fifty-one minutes per class period. And despite wide variation in the time it takes indivi dual students to succeed at learning any given task, the allocated time is identical for all. Schools will have a design flaw as long as their organization is based on the assumption that all students can learn on the same schedule. In addition, since most disciplinary problems occur during scheduled transitions, the more transitions, the more problems. In my district, the principal states this as the number one disci...

Your Guide to Selling Trees in an Urban Yard

Your Guide to Selling Trees in an Urban Yard Although you may be able to market and sell your yard trees, you still have to attract a local timber buyer with trees that get a higher market value. Trees like grade oak, black walnut, paulownia, black cherry, or any other high-value tree in your area are mandatory for a buyer to be interested enough to make an offer. Remember this key requirement: in order for a timber buyer to be interested in purchasing a yard tree(s), the tree or trees must have value with sufficient volume to exceed the purchase cost. There has to be value to offset costs to the timber buyer to bring equipment (log truck, skidder, and loader) to the property, cut the log, haul the log(s) to a mill, pay the landowner for the tree(s) and still make a profit off the end product. Just that simple. Woods-Grown Trees Are More Valuable As a general rule, woods-grown trees are more valuable than trees grown in a yard in terms of hard dollar economics. They have the advantage of access without property damage, easier equipment operating conditions, and there are usually more trees. This will typically yield more volume and a better economic situation for the timber buyer. Remember that in many cases, a yard tree has important non-timber values through the life of the tree, which includes energy savings, air quality improvement, water runoff reduction, and increased property value, to name a few. Problems With a Yard Tree Sale Yard trees that are open grown tend to have grade-lowering short boles and large, limb-laden crowns. They are also subjected to negative human pressures. Yard trees can have nails affixed to their boles, mower and weed whip damage to the base of the tree, and wire fences and clotheslines attached. They are less resistant to natural elements, such as wind or lightning damage (which can cause defects). Often, a yard tree is difficult to get to. There may be structures, power lines, and other obstacles in the way that would hamper cutting and removal. Attracting a Yard Tree Buyer Even though selling a tree in your yard is not an easy thing to do, it is not impossible. Try some excellent tips from the Indiana Department of Forestry to improve your chances of selling a tree in your yard: Know the tree species. Consult a tree identification book to identify the tree or check with your county forester. You will have a better chance of selling if it is a valuable species in your area. It is also good to have more than one tree.Know the trees circumference. Bigger trees mean more volume and will have a better chance of attracting a buyer. Measure with a household tape and convert inches to Diameter at breast height (DBH). To do this, measure the circumference and divide by pi (3.1416). Measure the tree at 4.5 feet (DBH) above the ground.Know the height of the tree. With a yardstick, pace 50 feet on a parallel plane. Hold the stick 25 inches out and parallel to the tree. Every inch represents 2 feet of height.Know if the location of the tree is one that large, heavy tree harvesting equipment can get to. What structures and infrastructure are in the path of the trees removal? Is there a septic system, structures, other trees and plants, power lines, underground pipes? Woul d it be expensive (or even possible) to transport and run harvesting equipment onto your property? Finding a Yard Tree Buyer Some states only allow licensed timber buyers to buy trees. Other states have logging associations who can help you and every state has a forestry department or agency. These departments of forestry have lists of potential timber buyers who are often interested in purchasing excellent-quality yard trees. Whenever possible, use multiple bids with a winning contract. Sources Growing Walnut for Profit and Pleasure. Walnut Council, Inc., American Walnut Manufacturers Association, 1980, Zionsville, IN. Timber Buyers, Their Agents, and Timber Growers. Article 14, Appendix B, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, May 27, 1997.

Industrial Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial - Assignment Example Over 40 persons were injured, businesses and homes were destroyed and the explosion detected as far as in the Netherlands on seismograph stations. There were investigation into the cause of the accident and the extent of the damage and this attracted legal action in which five companies were found guilty. This research paper will examine the incident at the Buncefield Oil Storage Depot and describe the events that led to the accident, its main causes and the preventive steps that should have been taken. It will further highlight the culture and management at the site in terms of safety systems and procedures implementation as well as the environmental impact and subsequent prosecutions. Design and maintenance shortcomings can be seen to be the aspects that sparked off a sequence of events that led to poor monitoring of this filling process and consequent explosions and fire. In 2005, located within the Buncefield Oil Storage Depot, a tank belonging to the Hertfordshire Oil Storage Ltd (HOSL) was filling with unleaded petrol on the night of 10th December. At around midnight of 11 December, tankers were barred from the terminal during which time stock checks were conducted for one and a half hours, without any reports of abnormalities (Nicholas & Whitfield 2013, p. 460). However, another hour and a half later, tank 912 did not register any changes on its level gauge even though it was still filling up. Initial approximations had indicated that the tank would have filled up and started overflowing by five in the morning, which it did. CCTV footage started showing vapour at 05.38 coming from the fuel that was escaping. Eight minutes later, the cloud of vapour is seen t hickening and spreading in all directions. At 05.50 the cloud was already flowing away from the facility and following the topography of the ground, spreading

Crossing Delancey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crossing Delancey - Essay Example The societal values are beating the retreat but that viewpoint is liable to be challenged. The characters of the play move on the path that has been prescribed for them, and speak on the dotted lines. The factual message that remains embedded in this absorbing and romantic comedy is an emphatically old-fashioned idea. The real need of a nice-Jewish girl is to be happy with a nice-boy from the old neighborhood! The viewer, for the duration of the play, thinks that he is being transported from the modern age to the middle age! That journey, however, is not the unpleasant one, and the recollection of the old world values is thoroughly enjoyable. Izzy—Isabelle Grossman Isabelle Grossman, who lives alone, thinks that she is in love with an egoistic WASP novelist, believing in some fanciful ideas about life which she herself is not sure. She eventually finds true happiness with her Bubbie and marriage broker fixes her up with a traditional and nice Jewish boy from the old neighborho od. He is a humble guy, deeply religious and tradition-loving and visits shul every day and happy to make his living selling pickles at the company he inherits from his father. Izzy is not carrier-crazed yuppie, but her imaginings are strong and heady and she daydreams a lot for her own good and has her definitions about the concept of wellness. She is a perfect granddaughter. She is not ultra-modern in her attitudes and does not like to be called an old-fashioned individual. Her career has something to do with her intellectual maturity. She works in a New York bookshop and she gets acquainted with many intellectuals there of both the sexes and such encounters keep her inspired. In her effort to escape from the net in the form of Sam carefully woven for her by her grandmother, she fixes Sam up with her best friend Ricky. This stop-gap arrangement does not succeed and she gradually is impacted by the qualities of head and heart of Sam and begins to spend more time with him. She is in itially irritated with the surprise appointment with a matchmaker and tells him in a tone or rebuking, â€Å"Excuse me, but I do not know what you think you’re doing.† Izzy visits her grandmother every weekend, for a practical view of the first generation Jewish lifestyles of her grandmother and is deeply impacted by it. Bubbie, The response of Izzy’s grandmother, to Izzy’s galaxy of intellectual friends is not enthusiastic, and she is a bit worried, whether she will be trapped into making the wrong choice of her life-partner. She is deeply committed to Jewish traditions and would like to find a suitable match for from her own community. She seeks the services of a Jewish matchmaker for the purpose in view and succeeds in her endeavors. Enter Sam, in the life of Izzy, only to be cold-shouldered initially. His pickle-making profession does not certainly inspire her. (She will be known as the wife of the pickle-maker and a modern girl does not like that to happen!) Things shape well later, though Izzy is irritated initially and resists the move. When Izzy dislikes the presence of the matchmaker, Bubbie advises her calmly but in a commanding tone, â€Å"First you’ll listen and then you’ll talk.† She is the archetypal Jewish grandma and mothers her

Product Reassessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Reassessment - Essay Example With respect to gender, 80% of beer consumers using SABMiller products are male. Women account for 20% of SABMiller’s products consumed. The company’s market segments in the US are dived into 21-27 year olds. The Latin America population segment, the African Americans population segment and finally the 50 years or older population (SABMiller 2010). The target market for SABMiller has grown steadily in the past. 9% of the Latin Americans consume SABMiller products. SABMiller has positioned itself in the market to expect a 13% growth in consumption of beer by 21-27 year olds, a 32% increase in consumption of its beer products by Latinos, 15% increase in consumption by African Americans and 25% increase in consumption by individuals who are 50 years and above. As at September 30th 2012, the company’s sales rose by 4 percent in Latin America (Geller, 2012). This shows that the company has positioned itself strategically to solidify it position as the number two brewe r world wide. The company has adopted a strategy to promote its products in the existing markets in the US and avoid markets that are either too volatile or too small. Types of research needed to reposition SABMiller products Branding research SABMiller requires to embark on branding research in order to reposition its beer products. Branding research is instrumental in creating a brand that has a positive and rusted image in the mind of customers and stakeholders. Branding research enables the company’s products to be structured in a way that reflect the products as the best in the market. Through this research, SABMiller will put strategies to make its customers see, hear, experience and believe the company’s products are the best in the market. Branding research provides information that is utilized to increase brand awareness, brand recognition, and improve the perceived quality and credibility of the company. SABMiller needs to undertake branding research to posit ion its brand strategically and ultimately increase the company’s sales and profits (Vernom research group 2012). Business forecasting research. It is paramount for SABMiller to undertake business forecasting research to focus accurately on business trends. This is vital for the company to reposition itself as one of the best brewing companies in the world. This type of research assesses the opportunities for new technologies as vital elements to reposition the company’s products. Business forecasting provides information on how the company is supposed to use its resources. The resources are used to identify the market that is vital with respect to the company’s operations. Through business forecasting research, SABMiller will understand the customer’s acceptance of SABMiller’s products and customer’s likelihood to purchase its products (Vernom research group 2012). Image and advertising research According to Vernom research group (2012), SA BMiller’s repositioning among the fierce competitor should focus on boosting its image in the beer industry. This information should be obtained through conducting image and advertising research. This type of research aids the company to put more emphasis on its brand image when repositioning. Image and advert

The Darfur Genocide War

The Darfur Genocide War Genocide is the deliberate extermination of a national, racial, or cultural group. There exists genocide in our world today. In one of Sudans poorest regions, Darfur, thousands of people are slaughtered monthly. This is the worst humanitarian crisis in the world today. The genocide occurring in Darfur needs to be absolved and would be if the United States and United Nations greatly intervened. This situation only worsens when aid is not provided and the nation of Sudan is left to fend for itself. The war in Darfur has been raging on since 2003. It began when rebels attacked government posts, which then triggered an immense response by the Sudanese military and the Janjaweed (Cauvin). The members of the Janjaweed are composed of mostly nomadic African Muslims who herd cattle and camels. They have destroyed entire villages, ruined water and food supplies, tortured, raped, and slaughtered hundreds of thousands people in Darfur. These attacks take place with the support of the Sudanese Government. On top of the massive numbers of murdered people an estimated two million people are without homes and forced to live in squalid refugee camps (Cauvin). The unfolding crisis is being compared to the horrific slaughter that occurred in Rwanda a decade earlier. As Cauvin stated in his article quoting Melissa Salvatore, â€Å"We cannot let what happened in Rwanda happen in Darfur† (Cauvin). None of Darfurs civilian population are spared from the inhumane acts of brutal torture, murd er, and rape. â€Å"As one illustration of how Khartoum (Sudans capital) has waged its war, the Sudanese military paints many of its attack aircraft white the same color as UN humanitarian aircraft a violation of international humanitarian law. When a plane approaches, villagers do not know whether it is on a mission to help them, or to bomb them. Often, it has been the latter† (Save Darfur). The Sudanese government continues to commit atrocities as the world watches, waiting for someone to take the first step in resolving this crisis. Genocide: this is what the violence in Darfur has caused. The United States has avoided voicing the word â€Å"genocide† to portray the situation. If the crisis in Darfur was classified as Genocide, then the â€Å"United States, along with 135 other countries would be obligated to intervene† (Booker). This is because all of these countries have signed the Genocide Convention which compels immediate action to resolve the situation if genocide is occurring in a part of the world. The United States involvement as of now is very minimal. Many of U.S. officials are looking to the United Nations to intervene and resolve the problem. The problem with this is that â€Å"if the U.N. were to put an operation together it would take an upwards of three months under the best circumstances† (Booker). The U.S. is equipped for quick military action that could be used to benefit Darfur. As of now the U.S. has close to 2,000 troops stationed less than two hours away from Darfur in Djibouti (Booker). Presently, the only U.S. involvement with private organizations attempting to provide shelter and relief efforts. If the U.S. government were to mobilize troops to Darfur numerous European and African countries would follow (Booker). Some of the African countries that will enter Darfur if the U.S. leads are Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa, and Nigeria. Britain has also pledged to join (Booker). Many countries have been very inadequate in helping the situation in Darfur. Many of these countries choose just to ignore it while others offer some sort of indirect support. China is one of the countries that condones and/or just plainly ignores the atrocities occurring in Darfur. Sudans largest trade partner, China, is its most outspoken defender and uses the threat that it will veto to any UN Security Council action in Darfur. China has discreetly increased their commitment with Khartoum about Darfur under the pressure of international scrutiny regarding the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics with their theme One World, One Dream while the nightmares of genocide still continues in Darfur (Save Darfur). China chooses to support Sudans government in their actions by continuing to trade and publicly announce their future veto on any UN resolution or action into Darfur. Another one of the bodies that supports the Sudanese Government war effort indirectly is the European Union. They have no t enacted any sanctions against the Sudanese Government, or discouraged the many European companies from conducting business in Sudan. The Union hides behind the requirement that the United Nations must perform the mandatory global sanctions prior to the individual countries (Save Darfur). Without any countries taking individual action how is the massacre supposed to cease? Some governments, like the United States, must take responsibility and step forward to make a stand. To abolish the crisis in Darfur there are many steps that need to be completed. The first step has to be a cease-fire. The cease-fire must respected by both sides of conflict. In the past there have been cease-fires. The most notable ones occurred in 2004 and again in January 2007 when Governor Bill Richardson traveled to Khartoum, but the Sudanese Government has ignored every single one. The international community must be obliged to back the United Nations while they work for a real ceasefire respected by all parties (Save Darfur). Since cease-fires have been issued in the past and blatantly ignored it is almost justified that military intervention is needed. The next step would be to institute an effective peacekeeping force whose main goals are to protect civilians. Then, the peace process needs to be renewed. In order to attain an everlasting end to the atrocious genocide in Darfur, the current peace effort must find political and social solutions to be instated. The peace agree ment that would be instated must include three items: first, the agreement must create a secure environment that allows refugees to return to their homes. Second, there must be a sustainable political agreement that is fully embraced by all armed groups participating in the war. The agreement must also extent to non-combatant groups which are representative of a large portion of Sudani society. Lastly, there must be accountability for all the people who have committed or can be proven to have had command and â€Å"responsibility over the violations of human rights and international humanitarian law† (Save Darfur). To accomplish the goals previously stated there is a process that be taken in order to proceed with the ultimate goals. The United States and other world leaders must make peace the top priority in Darfur. Over two years ago President Bush declared the situation in Darfur genocide: it still continues. The U.S. administration and the President have made very little progress. The participation of almost all other world leaders has been, to a large extent, worse. The worsening in Darfur demands more than harsh speeches. The U.S. must take the leadership role in building a coalition that forces Khartoum to end the massacres. In the most urgent provisos, that means the execution of multinational sanctions against the Sudanese government and all those affiliated with it (Save Darfur). This is a tough task to accomplish but with the heightened awareness it is possible to convince the government to act accordingly. . It is vital for the requirement of accomplishing the ultimate goals of peac e that the nation of China use its leverage on Khartoum. This means that China has an immense deal of influence on Sudan (China is Sudans top trade partner). China has shown an increased unease and neglect regarding Darfur. China also has many oil investments in Sudan. These benefit the Sudanese Government but not the people; â€Å"these investments also help fund the government military operations in Darfur† (Save Darfur). If these actions are taken then the healing of Darfur can begin. It is, however, necessary that all of these actions/goals take place to ensure the safety of the Darfurians. Only a decade after the mass genocide in Rwanda, the United States cannot afford to have a repeat of the same mistakes. The United States needs to act now and intervene in Darfur to stop the inhumane crimes being committed daily against the innocent people of Darfur. â€Å"Our first responsibility is to the people of Darfur, who are dying at a rate of 1,000 people every day as the genocide continues† (Booker). Can we save Darfur?

Essay --

Desertification is an increasing global issue that has caused many concerns throughout the world. Desertification affects mostly Africa; however it has (and still is) taking its toll on the Arabian Peninsula, southern Asia, Australia, southern South America, and the southwest region of the North American continent (â€Å"Desertification†, 2013). According to â€Å"Desertification: A Forgotten Threat†, every year, some 23,000 square miles of arable and range land are uncontrollably lost to desert, leaving an exceeding amount of consequences for the entire globe to face. As alarming as this fact is, it is important to understand the negative effects that desertification exerts on these affected areas, exactly what this problem is, what it is doing, why it’s happening, why it is important, and what global communities, as well as world leaders can do to prevent it from spiraling out of control in the future. This paper will focus on the physical and economical hards hips due to desertification, the causes of it, the necessary measures that should be taken to prevent it, as well as the importance of spreading global awareness regarding this topic. According to a statement made by UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) on December 10, 1993, â€Å"Desertification is ‘one of the most serious global environmental problems’† (â€Å"Desertification: Not About, 1994). When discussing the topic of desertification, two common questions are, â€Å"What is desertification exactly, and how is it possible for the desert to advance?† Desertification is a term that describes â€Å"the loss of productive land to desert† (â€Å"Desertification†, 2013). It’s a common, innocent public misconception that the desert is advancing; however, this in fact is not the case. When an area u... ...ined areas. Strongly supported by the UN Development Program’s Office to Combat Desertification and Drought, the CCD is the first treaty to demand full participation by local populations. This way, countries can learn from each other, passing on scientific and technical knowledge† (â€Å"Desertification: A Forgotten Threat†, 1999). As one can see, desertification is a serious matter at hand. Creating laws and setting limits to farmers can slow the desertification process slowed down. Actions need to be taken now in order to save the precious land. If nothing is done, the future of important nations will be dark as they are forced to face a myriad of economical and biological hardships. Additionally, there could very well be wars over land and water, causing the affected country to sink deeper and deeper into a viscous pit due to the malicious cycle of desertification.

Cafes monte bianco case analysis Essay

This course focuses on the strategic nature of management accounting and emphasizes the critical role that information plays in decision-making, strategy execution, and overall enhancement of a firm’s value. Primarily taught through case studies, this course will utilize and build upon the concepts studied in prior Management Accounting courses, and allow the students an opportunity to see how these concepts fit together. Selected readings from textbooks and business periodicals will be used to blend in appropriate theory for newer subjects that may be the focus of some case studies. The world of business continues to change dramatically. As a result, the role of managerial accounting is very different than it was even a decade ago. Today, managerial accountants serve as internal business consultants, working side-by-side in cross-functional teams with managers from all areas of the organization as they make decisions towards defining and implementing strategy. To complete their knowledge of managerial accounting, students must understand how managers are likely to use and react to information provided by management accounting. On the other hand, managers must understand the basis of the financial information provided by management accountants. We will explore both sides during our discussions. The course is divided into three major parts. The first part covers fundamental concepts, including activity-based management, and provides an overview of managerial accounting. The second part discusses concepts and methods useful for managerial decision making, such as CVP and differential analysis. Finally, in the third part, we concentrate on planning and performance evaluation of business segments as they strive to execute the firm’s strategy. In this part, we also discuss measurement and incentives (compensation) of managers. As indicated above, this is a case-based course to illustrate the applications of managerial accounting concepts in real-life situations. While preparing these cases, students should read about basic concepts on their own, using any of the textbooks mentioned later in this syllabus. However, I do intend lecturing on some of the relatively advanced topics (e. g. activity-based costing, variance analysis, pricing, target costing and allocations) at appropriate times during the quarter. TARGET AUDIENCE The course is general enough to benefit both MAcc and MBA students. A basic knowledge of financial and managerial accounting should suffice as a pre-requisite for the course. Both sets of students will enhance their understanding of Managerial Accounting topics by seeing how they are applied to real-life situations. In addition, MBA students will find that the course integrates several of the concepts they have learned in their curriculum. MAcc students will welcome the exposure to Strategy, and see how important Managerial Accounting is towards its (Strategy) implementation. ABOUT YOUR INSTRUCTOR With over 30 years of experience in industry, Mr. Mulchandani brings extensive knowledge of the â€Å"real world† towards teaching in the Business curriculum. Joining Rockwell International soon after obtaining his MBA, Mr. Mulchandani had assignments in several functional areas of the Company, including Finance, Accounting, Materials/Logistics and Manufacturing. After three years as a Division General Manager, he was named President of the Commercial Vehicle Systems Business ($3.5 billion in Revenue), from which he retired in December 2000. During his tenure in industry, Mr. Mulchandani actively participated in several global joint ventures, some of which he was instrumental in setting up. In addition, he has experienced being part of a spin-off into a separate automotive company, which later merged with another company for economic scale. In Spring 2001, Mr. Mulchandani entered the Masters of Accounting (MAcc) program at The Ohio State University, which he completed in June 2002. As a faculty member of the AMIS Department since then, Mr. Mulchandani teaches, or has taught, undergraduate financial and managerial accounting courses, Managerial Accounting in the MBA core, an MBA elective (Implementing Corporate Strategy), and the MAcc/MBA Elective (AMIS 823) at the Fisher College of Business.

Expository Essay

Expository Essay Some memories are joyful, while others are quite sad, and then the bittersweet moments are a combination of both. These bittersweet memories are often memorable and one that stays fresh in my mind is the coming and going of my Golden Retriever puppy, Chance. I was overjoyed when we first got him and couldn’t have been happier but his death was unpleasant and left me with a bad taste in my mouth for weeks to come. This whole experience taught how to appreciate what I have because you don’t know what you got till it’s gone.One of the most memorable and impactful memories of my life happened when I was just six years old. It was a chilly day in mid January as I cheerfully scampered off the school bus to dash inside and be greeted by a mug of hot chocolate and warm cookies. I was clumsily toying around with Legos while waiting in anticipation for my dad to get home. The moment I saw my dad walk through the door I darted down the stairs and was shocke d to see him holding a large, mysterious cardboard box.He informed me that contained inside were loads of cupcakes he had gotten from work, but to my surprise when I looked inside I saw a tiny little puppy bundled up in blanket sleeping on the base of the box. I was thrilled at first but soon after my hopes were crushed when I realized this little dog had fatal cancer and only had a short month to live. Due to his horrible condition we named him Chance for his perseverance to survive such a sickly Herring 2 disease. My roller coaster experience with him helped to mold me into the person that I am today.This memory is so important to me because Chance was the first pet I had ever had the opportunity to call my own and I had also desired to own a puppy ever since I was a baby. Over a short time Chance and I had developed a strong bond from racing around the house and bounding around in the fresh snow. This connection we shared showed me how important companions were and how much I enj oyed having them around me. After a few weeks of living with him he began to show signs of weakness. He would sometimes stumble while walking and even vomit after eating a meal.I was feeling miserable to see him experiencing this pain so our family had to make a decision. We came to a general consensus that it was time to put him down. After a lot of shed tears and heartache I began to understand the situation in a different light. I had begun to realize life ends and living things don’t last forever. I really appreciated chance for what he was and dearly missed him. The great memories with Chance still remained and helped me to cherish his existence even more. Overall this memory taught me how to enjoy what I have and be grateful because I may blink and not see it ever again. Expository Essay

Current LSAT Score Percentiles

Current LSAT Score Percentiles Have even more LSAT score questions? Here are the LSAT Score FAQs - with answers! Â   If youve gotten your LSAT score report back, you may have noticed that under the LSAT Score Data section, theres a percentile ranking based on your score. Many people have no idea what this little number really means! If youre one of them, heres your LSAT score percentile explanation, along with a chart delineating each of the score percentiles based on testers from June 2010 – February 2013. Why Should I Care About My LSAT Score Percentile? Yes, how well youve fared on the LSAT compared to others whove taken the test during your administration isnt the only thing you should be concerned about. In fact, your LSAT score is just one of many things that will be evaluated to make admissions decisions about you. Things like the following attributes listed by LSAC are also considered: Undergraduate GPAUndergraduate course of studyGraduate work, if anyCollege attendedImprovement in grades and grade distributionCollege curricular and extracurricular activitiesEthnic/racial background LSAT Scores By Gender and Ethnicity Individual character and personalityLetters of recommendation/evaluationsWriting skillsPersonal statement or essayWork experience or other postundergraduate experiencesCommunity activitiesMotivation to study and reasons for deciding to study lawState of residencyObstacles that have been overcomePast accomplishments and leadershipAnything else that stands out in an application However, your LSAT score is a means with which to compare you to other students on a very similar scale. Everything else about you is unique! Your LSAT score, within a certain degree of statistical reliability, can be counted on to provide an unbiased look at how you perform on logical, analytical, and reading comprehension questions. Whats a good LSAT score for some of the top schools in the country? LSAT Score Percentiles Explanation When you receive your LSAT score report (they usually come about three weeks after youve tested via email if you have an LSAC.org account and four weeks via snail mail if you dont), then youll see a section called your LSAT Score Data section. In this section, youll see information for every time youve sat for the LSAT in the past five years. Your LSAT scores, your score percentile ranks, the dates youve taken the LSAT, and your LSAT score bands, which are simply the ranges in which you scored, will be reported for every one of your test dates. If youve taken the LSAT more than once, youll see an average LSAT score reported based on every one of your performances, too. Lets say that the percentile rank listed for the test you took in June was an 83%. Your score was a 161. That percentage means that you scored higher than 83% of the test-takers who sat for the June test. Another way of looking at it is that youre in the top 17% of testers for that administration. LSAT Score Percentile Chart for June 2010 – February 2013 Below, youll find the average score percentiles for every tester who took the LSAT between the dates listed above. Its helpful to compare your current LSAT score report to this list to see how you fit into a larger pool of testers. The scaled score is listed to the left and the percentile score is listed to the right. 180: 99.9%179: 99.9%178: 99.9%177: 99.8%176: 99.7%175: 99.5%174: 99.3%173: 99.0%172: 98.6%171: 98.2%170: 97.4%169: 96.6%168: 95.8%167: 94.5%166: 93.2%165: 91.5%164: 89.9%163: 87.7%162: 85.3%161: 83.0%160: 80.3%159: 77.2%158: 73.7%157: 70.8%156: 66.9%155: 63.4%154: 60.2%153: 56.0%152: 51.6%151: 47.8%150: 44.4%149: 40.3%148: 36.8%147: 33.5%146: 30.0%145: 26.7%144: 23.7%143: 20.5%142: 18.1%141: 15.8%140: 13.4%139: 11.6%138: 9.7%137: 8.5%136: 6.9%135: 5.9%134: 4.8%133: 3.9%132: 3.2%131: 2.6%130: 2.1%129: 1.7%128: 1.3%127: 1.1%126: 0.8%125: 0.7%124: 0.5%123: 0.4%122: 0.3%121: 0.3%120: 0.0%